"acerba" meaning in All languages combined

See acerba on Wiktionary

Adjective [Esperanto]

IPA: /aˈt͡serba/ Forms: acerban [accusative, singular], acerbaj [plural], acerbajn [accusative, plural]
Rhymes: -erba Etymology: Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *h₂eḱ- Proto-Indo-European *-rós Proto-Indo-European *h₂eḱrós Proto-Italic *akris Proto-Indo-European *dʰeh₁- Proto-Indo-European *-dʰh₁-os Proto-Italic *-iðos Proto-Italic *akriðos Latin acerbusder. Esperanto acerba Derived from Latin acerbus (“sour, bitter”). Etymology templates: {{etymon|eo|:der|la:acerbus|tree=1}} Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *h₂eḱ- Proto-Indo-European *-rós Proto-Indo-European *h₂eḱrós Proto-Italic *akris Proto-Indo-European *dʰeh₁- Proto-Indo-European *-dʰh₁-os Proto-Italic *-iðos Proto-Italic *akriðos Latin acerbusder. Esperanto acerba [Appendix:Glossary#derived_terms|Derived]] from", "terms" : [ { "children" : [ { "terms" : [ { "children" : [ { "terms" : [ { "children" : [ { "terms" : [ { "id" : "sharp", "children" : [ { "terms" : [ { "id" : "sharp", "children" : [ ], "status" : "ok", "lang_name" : "Proto-Indo-European", "term" : "*h₂eḱ-", "lang" : "ine-pro" }, { "id" : "adjectival", "children" : [ ], "status" : "ok", "lang_name" : "Proto-Indo-European", "term" : "*-rós", "lang" : "ine-pro" } ], "keyword_label" : "From", "is_group" : true, "keyword" : "affix" } ], "status" : "ok", "lang_name" : "Proto-Indo-European", "term" : "*h₂eḱrós", "lang" : "ine-pro" } ], "keyword_label" : "Inherited from", "keyword" : "inherited" } ], "lang_name" : "Proto-Italic", "term" : "*akris", "status" : "ok", "lang" : "itc-pro" }, { "children" : [ { "terms" : [ { "alt" : "*-dʰh₁-os", "lang_name" : "Proto-Indo-European", "status" : "inline", "children" : [ { "terms" : [ { "id" : "do", "children" : [ ], "status" : "ok", "lang_name" : "Proto-Indo-European", "term" : "*dʰeh₁-", "lang" : "ine-pro" } ], "keyword_label" : "From", "keyword" : "from" } ], "lang" : "ine-pro" } ], "keyword_label" : "Inherited from", "keyword" : "inherited" } ], "lang_name" : "Proto-Italic", "term" : "*-iðos", "status" : "inline", "lang" : "itc-pro" } ], "keyword_label" : "From", "is_group" : true, "keyword" : "affix" } ], "lang_name" : "Proto-Italic", "term" : "*akriðos", "status" : "inline", "lang" : "itc-pro" } ], "keyword_label" : "Inherited from", "keyword" : "inherited" } ], "lang_name" : "Latin", "term" : "acerbus", "status" : "ok", "lang" : "la" } ], "keyword" : "derived" } ], "lang_name" : "Esperanto", "term" : "acerba", "status" : "ok", "lang" : "eo" }" data-lang="eo" data-title="acerba">, {{der|eo|la|acerbus||sour, bitter}} Latin acerbus (“sour, bitter”) Head templates: {{eo-head}} acerba (accusative singular acerban, plural acerbaj, accusative plural acerbajn)
  1. sour or bitter
    Sense id: en-acerba-eo-adj-BJkj-RrD
  2. (figuratively) sharp, biting Tags: figuratively
    Sense id: en-acerba-eo-adj-PgtH~uCa Categories (other): Esperanto entries with etymology trees, Esperanto entries with etymon, Esperanto entries with incorrect language header, Pages using etymon with no ID, Pages with etymology trees, Pages with etymon Disambiguation of Esperanto entries with etymology trees: 0 100 Disambiguation of Esperanto entries with etymon: 0 100 Disambiguation of Esperanto entries with incorrect language header: 15 85 Disambiguation of Pages using etymon with no ID: 0 100 Disambiguation of Pages with etymology trees: 0 100 Disambiguation of Pages with etymon: 0 100

Adjective [Galician]

Head templates: {{head|gl|adjective form}} acerba
  1. feminine singular of acerbo Tags: feminine, form-of, singular Form of: acerbo
    Sense id: en-acerba-gl-adj-4i6nwSqK Categories (other): Galician entries with incorrect language header, Pages with 7 entries, Pages with entries

Adjective [Ido]

IPA: /aˈt͡serba/
Etymology: From Esperanto acerba, from Latin acerbus (“sour, bitter”). Etymology templates: {{bor|io|eo|acerba}} Esperanto acerba, {{der|io|la|acerbus||sour, bitter}} Latin acerbus (“sour, bitter”) Head templates: {{head|io|adjective|head=}} acerba, {{io-adj}} acerba
  1. sour; bitter
    Sense id: en-acerba-io-adj-UUQSqKxX Categories (other): Ido entries with incorrect language header, Pages with 7 entries, Pages with entries

Adjective [Italian]

Head templates: {{head|it|adjective form}} acerba
  1. feminine singular of acerbo Tags: feminine, form-of, singular Form of: acerbo
    Sense id: en-acerba-it-adj-4i6nwSqK Categories (other): Italian entries with incorrect language header, Pages with 7 entries, Pages with entries

Adjective [Latin]

Head templates: {{head|la|adjective form}} acerba
  1. inflection of acerbus:
    feminine singular nominative/vocative
    Tags: feminine, form-of, nominative, singular, vocative Form of: acerbus
    Sense id: en-acerba-la-adj-nzRnNr8Y
  2. inflection of acerbus:
    neuter plural nominative/accusative/vocative
    Tags: accusative, form-of, neuter, nominative, plural, vocative Form of: acerbus
    Sense id: en-acerba-la-adj-vIQS48Po

Adjective [Latin]

Forms: acerbā [canonical]
Head templates: {{head|la|adjective form|head=acerbā}} acerbā
  1. feminine singular ablative of acerbus Tags: ablative, feminine, form-of, singular Form of: acerbus
    Sense id: en-acerba-la-adj-bSy9goWK

Verb [Latin]

Forms: acerbā [canonical]
Head templates: {{head|la|verb form|head=acerbā}} acerbā
  1. second-person singular present active imperative of acerbō Tags: active, form-of, imperative, present, second-person, singular Form of: acerbō
    Sense id: en-acerba-la-verb-lfMubM5W Categories (other): Latin entries with incorrect language header Disambiguation of Latin entries with incorrect language header: 22 24 23 31

Verb [Portuguese]

Head templates: {{head|pt|verb form}} acerba
  1. inflection of acerbar:
    third-person singular present indicative
    Tags: form-of, indicative, present, singular, third-person Form of: acerbar
    Sense id: en-acerba-pt-verb-6LN8JGDK Categories (other): Pages with 7 entries, Pages with entries, Portuguese entries with incorrect language header Disambiguation of Pages with 7 entries: 0 6 6 4 1 3 69 10 Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 0 4 4 2 1 2 82 6 Disambiguation of Portuguese entries with incorrect language header: 81 19
  2. inflection of acerbar:
    second-person singular imperative
    Tags: form-of, imperative, second-person, singular Form of: acerbar
    Sense id: en-acerba-pt-verb-aYEBcZIe

Adjective [Spanish]

IPA: /aˈθeɾba/, [aˈθeɾ.β̞a], /aˈseɾba/, [aˈseɾ.β̞a]
Rhymes: -eɾba Head templates: {{head|es|adjective form}} acerba
  1. feminine singular of acerbo Tags: feminine, form-of, singular Form of: acerbo
    Sense id: en-acerba-es-adj-4i6nwSqK Categories (other): Pages with 7 entries, Pages with entries, Spanish entries with incorrect language header

Inflected forms

{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "lang": "Ido",
      "lang_code": "io",
      "raw_tags": [
        "borrowed"
      ],
      "word": "acerba"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "eo",
        "2": ":der",
        "3": "la:acerbus",
        "tree": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *h₂eḱ-\nProto-Indo-European *-rós\nProto-Indo-European *h₂eḱrós\nProto-Italic *akris\nProto-Indo-European *dʰeh₁-\nProto-Indo-European *-dʰh₁-os\nProto-Italic *-iðos\nProto-Italic *akriðos\nLatin acerbusder.\nEsperanto acerba\n[Appendix:Glossary#derived_terms|Derived]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"sharp\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"sharp\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*h₂eḱ-\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"id\" : \"adjectival\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-rós\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*h₂eḱrós\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*akris\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" }, { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"*-dʰh₁-os\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"do\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*dʰeh₁-\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*-iðos\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*akriðos\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"acerbus\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Esperanto\", \"term\" : \"acerba\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"eo\" }\" data-lang=\"eo\" data-title=\"acerba\">",
      "name": "etymon"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "eo",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "acerbus",
        "4": "",
        "5": "sour, bitter"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin acerbus (“sour, bitter”)",
      "name": "der"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *h₂eḱ-\nProto-Indo-European *-rós\nProto-Indo-European *h₂eḱrós\nProto-Italic *akris\nProto-Indo-European *dʰeh₁-\nProto-Indo-European *-dʰh₁-os\nProto-Italic *-iðos\nProto-Italic *akriðos\nLatin acerbusder.\nEsperanto acerba\nDerived from Latin acerbus (“sour, bitter”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "acerban",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "acerbaj",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "acerbajn",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "acerba (accusative singular acerban, plural acerbaj, accusative plural acerbajn)",
      "name": "eo-head"
    }
  ],
  "hyphenation": [
    "a‧cer‧ba"
  ],
  "hyphenations": [
    {
      "parts": [
        "a‧cer‧ba"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Esperanto",
  "lang_code": "eo",
  "pos": "adj",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "sour or bitter"
      ],
      "id": "en-acerba-eo-adj-BJkj-RrD",
      "links": [
        [
          "sour",
          "sour#English"
        ],
        [
          "bitter",
          "bitter#English"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "0 100",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Esperanto entries with etymology trees",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "0 100",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Esperanto entries with etymon",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "15 85",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Esperanto entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "0 100",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages using etymon with no ID",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "0 100",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with etymology trees",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "0 100",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with etymon",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "sharp, biting"
      ],
      "id": "en-acerba-eo-adj-PgtH~uCa",
      "links": [
        [
          "sharp",
          "sharp#English"
        ],
        [
          "biting",
          "biting#English"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(figuratively) sharp, biting"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "figuratively"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/aˈt͡serba/"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-erba"
    }
  ],
  "word": "acerba"
}

{
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gl",
        "2": "adjective form"
      },
      "expansion": "acerba",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Galician",
  "lang_code": "gl",
  "pos": "adj",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Galician entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 7 entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "form_of": [
        {
          "word": "acerbo"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "feminine singular of acerbo"
      ],
      "id": "en-acerba-gl-adj-4i6nwSqK",
      "links": [
        [
          "acerbo",
          "acerbo#Galician"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "form-of",
        "singular"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "acerba"
}

{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "io",
        "2": "eo",
        "3": "acerba"
      },
      "expansion": "Esperanto acerba",
      "name": "bor"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "io",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "acerbus",
        "4": "",
        "5": "sour, bitter"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin acerbus (“sour, bitter”)",
      "name": "der"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Esperanto acerba, from Latin acerbus (“sour, bitter”).",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "io",
        "2": "adjective",
        "head": ""
      },
      "expansion": "acerba",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "acerba",
      "name": "io-adj"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Ido",
  "lang_code": "io",
  "pos": "adj",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Ido entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 7 entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "sour; bitter"
      ],
      "id": "en-acerba-io-adj-UUQSqKxX",
      "links": [
        [
          "sour",
          "sour"
        ],
        [
          "bitter",
          "bitter"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/aˈt͡serba/"
    }
  ],
  "word": "acerba"
}

{
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "it",
        "2": "adjective form"
      },
      "expansion": "acerba",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Italian",
  "lang_code": "it",
  "pos": "adj",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Italian entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 7 entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "form_of": [
        {
          "word": "acerbo"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "feminine singular of acerbo"
      ],
      "id": "en-acerba-it-adj-4i6nwSqK",
      "links": [
        [
          "acerbo",
          "acerbo#Italian"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "form-of",
        "singular"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "acerba"
}

{
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "acerbā",
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "verb form",
        "head": "acerbā"
      },
      "expansion": "acerbā",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Latin",
  "lang_code": "la",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "22 24 23 31",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "form_of": [
        {
          "word": "acerbō"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "second-person singular present active imperative of acerbō"
      ],
      "id": "en-acerba-la-verb-lfMubM5W",
      "links": [
        [
          "acerbō",
          "acerbo#Latin"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "form-of",
        "imperative",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "acerba"
}

{
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "adjective form"
      },
      "expansion": "acerba",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Latin",
  "lang_code": "la",
  "pos": "adj",
  "senses": [
    {
      "form_of": [
        {
          "word": "acerbus"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "inflection of acerbus:",
        "feminine singular nominative/vocative"
      ],
      "id": "en-acerba-la-adj-nzRnNr8Y",
      "links": [
        [
          "acerbus",
          "acerbus#Latin"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "form-of",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form_of": [
        {
          "word": "acerbus"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "inflection of acerbus:",
        "neuter plural nominative/accusative/vocative"
      ],
      "id": "en-acerba-la-adj-vIQS48Po",
      "links": [
        [
          "acerbus",
          "acerbus#Latin"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "form-of",
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "acerba"
}

{
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "acerbā",
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "adjective form",
        "head": "acerbā"
      },
      "expansion": "acerbā",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Latin",
  "lang_code": "la",
  "pos": "adj",
  "senses": [
    {
      "form_of": [
        {
          "word": "acerbus"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "feminine singular ablative of acerbus"
      ],
      "id": "en-acerba-la-adj-bSy9goWK",
      "links": [
        [
          "acerbus",
          "acerbus#Latin"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "feminine",
        "form-of",
        "singular"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "acerba"
}

{
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pt",
        "2": "verb form"
      },
      "expansion": "acerba",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Portuguese",
  "lang_code": "pt",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "0 6 6 4 1 3 69 10",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 7 entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "0 4 4 2 1 2 82 6",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "81 19",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Portuguese entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "form_of": [
        {
          "word": "acerbar"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "inflection of acerbar:",
        "third-person singular present indicative"
      ],
      "id": "en-acerba-pt-verb-6LN8JGDK",
      "links": [
        [
          "acerbar",
          "acerbar#Portuguese"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "form-of",
        "indicative",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form_of": [
        {
          "word": "acerbar"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "inflection of acerbar:",
        "second-person singular imperative"
      ],
      "id": "en-acerba-pt-verb-aYEBcZIe",
      "links": [
        [
          "acerbar",
          "acerbar#Portuguese"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "form-of",
        "imperative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "acerba"
}

{
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "es",
        "2": "adjective form"
      },
      "expansion": "acerba",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "hyphenation": [
    "a‧cer‧ba"
  ],
  "hyphenations": [
    {
      "parts": [
        "a‧cer‧ba"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Spanish",
  "lang_code": "es",
  "pos": "adj",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 7 entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Spanish entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "form_of": [
        {
          "word": "acerbo"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "feminine singular of acerbo"
      ],
      "id": "en-acerba-es-adj-4i6nwSqK",
      "links": [
        [
          "acerbo",
          "acerbo#Spanish"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "form-of",
        "singular"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/aˈθeɾba/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[aˈθeɾ.β̞a]"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/aˈseɾba/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[aˈseɾ.β̞a]"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-eɾba"
    }
  ],
  "word": "acerba"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "Esperanto 3-syllable words",
    "Esperanto adjectives",
    "Esperanto entries with etymology trees",
    "Esperanto entries with etymon",
    "Esperanto entries with incorrect language header",
    "Esperanto lemmas",
    "Esperanto terms derived from Latin",
    "Esperanto terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
    "Esperanto terms derived from Proto-Italic",
    "Esperanto terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *dʰeh₁-",
    "Esperanto terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *h₂eḱ-",
    "Esperanto terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Esperanto terms with audio pronunciation",
    "Pages using etymon with no ID",
    "Pages with 7 entries",
    "Pages with entries",
    "Pages with etymology trees",
    "Pages with etymon",
    "Rhymes:Esperanto/erba",
    "Rhymes:Esperanto/erba/3 syllables"
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "lang": "Ido",
      "lang_code": "io",
      "raw_tags": [
        "borrowed"
      ],
      "word": "acerba"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "eo",
        "2": ":der",
        "3": "la:acerbus",
        "tree": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *h₂eḱ-\nProto-Indo-European *-rós\nProto-Indo-European *h₂eḱrós\nProto-Italic *akris\nProto-Indo-European *dʰeh₁-\nProto-Indo-European *-dʰh₁-os\nProto-Italic *-iðos\nProto-Italic *akriðos\nLatin acerbusder.\nEsperanto acerba\n[Appendix:Glossary#derived_terms|Derived]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"sharp\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"sharp\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*h₂eḱ-\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"id\" : \"adjectival\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-rós\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*h₂eḱrós\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*akris\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" }, { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"*-dʰh₁-os\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"do\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*dʰeh₁-\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*-iðos\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*akriðos\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"acerbus\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Esperanto\", \"term\" : \"acerba\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"eo\" }\" data-lang=\"eo\" data-title=\"acerba\">",
      "name": "etymon"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "eo",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "acerbus",
        "4": "",
        "5": "sour, bitter"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin acerbus (“sour, bitter”)",
      "name": "der"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *h₂eḱ-\nProto-Indo-European *-rós\nProto-Indo-European *h₂eḱrós\nProto-Italic *akris\nProto-Indo-European *dʰeh₁-\nProto-Indo-European *-dʰh₁-os\nProto-Italic *-iðos\nProto-Italic *akriðos\nLatin acerbusder.\nEsperanto acerba\nDerived from Latin acerbus (“sour, bitter”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "acerban",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "acerbaj",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "acerbajn",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "acerba (accusative singular acerban, plural acerbaj, accusative plural acerbajn)",
      "name": "eo-head"
    }
  ],
  "hyphenation": [
    "a‧cer‧ba"
  ],
  "hyphenations": [
    {
      "parts": [
        "a‧cer‧ba"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Esperanto",
  "lang_code": "eo",
  "pos": "adj",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "sour or bitter"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "sour",
          "sour#English"
        ],
        [
          "bitter",
          "bitter#English"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "sharp, biting"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "sharp",
          "sharp#English"
        ],
        [
          "biting",
          "biting#English"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(figuratively) sharp, biting"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "figuratively"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/aˈt͡serba/"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-erba"
    }
  ],
  "word": "acerba"
}

{
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gl",
        "2": "adjective form"
      },
      "expansion": "acerba",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Galician",
  "lang_code": "gl",
  "pos": "adj",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Galician adjective forms",
        "Galician entries with incorrect language header",
        "Galician non-lemma forms",
        "Pages with 7 entries",
        "Pages with entries"
      ],
      "form_of": [
        {
          "word": "acerbo"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "feminine singular of acerbo"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "acerbo",
          "acerbo#Galician"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "form-of",
        "singular"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "acerba"
}

{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "io",
        "2": "eo",
        "3": "acerba"
      },
      "expansion": "Esperanto acerba",
      "name": "bor"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "io",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "acerbus",
        "4": "",
        "5": "sour, bitter"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin acerbus (“sour, bitter”)",
      "name": "der"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Esperanto acerba, from Latin acerbus (“sour, bitter”).",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "io",
        "2": "adjective",
        "head": ""
      },
      "expansion": "acerba",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "acerba",
      "name": "io-adj"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Ido",
  "lang_code": "io",
  "pos": "adj",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Ido adjectives",
        "Ido entries with incorrect language header",
        "Ido lemmas",
        "Ido terms borrowed from Esperanto",
        "Ido terms derived from Esperanto",
        "Ido terms derived from Latin",
        "Ido terms with IPA pronunciation",
        "Pages with 7 entries",
        "Pages with entries"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "sour; bitter"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "sour",
          "sour"
        ],
        [
          "bitter",
          "bitter"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/aˈt͡serba/"
    }
  ],
  "word": "acerba"
}

{
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "it",
        "2": "adjective form"
      },
      "expansion": "acerba",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Italian",
  "lang_code": "it",
  "pos": "adj",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Italian adjective forms",
        "Italian entries with incorrect language header",
        "Italian non-lemma forms",
        "Pages with 7 entries",
        "Pages with entries"
      ],
      "form_of": [
        {
          "word": "acerbo"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "feminine singular of acerbo"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "acerbo",
          "acerbo#Italian"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "form-of",
        "singular"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "acerba"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Latin adjective forms",
    "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
    "Latin non-lemma forms",
    "Latin verb forms",
    "Pages with 7 entries",
    "Pages with entries"
  ],
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "acerbā",
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "verb form",
        "head": "acerbā"
      },
      "expansion": "acerbā",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Latin",
  "lang_code": "la",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "form_of": [
        {
          "word": "acerbō"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "second-person singular present active imperative of acerbō"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "acerbō",
          "acerbo#Latin"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "form-of",
        "imperative",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "acerba"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Latin adjective forms",
    "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
    "Latin non-lemma forms",
    "Latin verb forms",
    "Pages with 7 entries",
    "Pages with entries"
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "adjective form"
      },
      "expansion": "acerba",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Latin",
  "lang_code": "la",
  "pos": "adj",
  "senses": [
    {
      "form_of": [
        {
          "word": "acerbus"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "inflection of acerbus:",
        "feminine singular nominative/vocative"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "acerbus",
          "acerbus#Latin"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "form-of",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form_of": [
        {
          "word": "acerbus"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "inflection of acerbus:",
        "neuter plural nominative/accusative/vocative"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "acerbus",
          "acerbus#Latin"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "form-of",
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "acerba"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Latin adjective forms",
    "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
    "Latin non-lemma forms",
    "Latin verb forms",
    "Pages with 7 entries",
    "Pages with entries"
  ],
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "acerbā",
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "adjective form",
        "head": "acerbā"
      },
      "expansion": "acerbā",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Latin",
  "lang_code": "la",
  "pos": "adj",
  "senses": [
    {
      "form_of": [
        {
          "word": "acerbus"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "feminine singular ablative of acerbus"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "acerbus",
          "acerbus#Latin"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "feminine",
        "form-of",
        "singular"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "acerba"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Pages with 7 entries",
    "Pages with entries",
    "Portuguese entries with incorrect language header",
    "Portuguese non-lemma forms",
    "Portuguese verb forms"
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pt",
        "2": "verb form"
      },
      "expansion": "acerba",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Portuguese",
  "lang_code": "pt",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "form_of": [
        {
          "word": "acerbar"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "inflection of acerbar:",
        "third-person singular present indicative"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "acerbar",
          "acerbar#Portuguese"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "form-of",
        "indicative",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form_of": [
        {
          "word": "acerbar"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "inflection of acerbar:",
        "second-person singular imperative"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "acerbar",
          "acerbar#Portuguese"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "form-of",
        "imperative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "acerba"
}

{
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "es",
        "2": "adjective form"
      },
      "expansion": "acerba",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "hyphenation": [
    "a‧cer‧ba"
  ],
  "hyphenations": [
    {
      "parts": [
        "a‧cer‧ba"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Spanish",
  "lang_code": "es",
  "pos": "adj",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Pages with 7 entries",
        "Pages with entries",
        "Rhymes:Spanish/eɾba",
        "Rhymes:Spanish/eɾba/3 syllables",
        "Spanish 3-syllable words",
        "Spanish adjective forms",
        "Spanish entries with incorrect language header",
        "Spanish non-lemma forms",
        "Spanish terms with IPA pronunciation"
      ],
      "form_of": [
        {
          "word": "acerbo"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "feminine singular of acerbo"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "acerbo",
          "acerbo#Spanish"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "form-of",
        "singular"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/aˈθeɾba/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[aˈθeɾ.β̞a]"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/aˈseɾba/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[aˈseɾ.β̞a]"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-eɾba"
    }
  ],
  "word": "acerba"
}

Download raw JSONL data for acerba meaning in All languages combined (10.3kB)


This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-09-09 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-09-02 using wiktextract (ccec6f1 and 4deed51). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.